ʻO nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka wā i hala, kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana o stereolithography

ʻO Vat photopolymerization, kūikawā laser stereolithography a i ʻole SL/SLA, ʻo ia ka ʻenehana paʻi 3D mua ma ka mākeke. Ua hana ʻo Chuck Hull i ka makahiki 1984, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1986, a ua hoʻokumu ʻo 3D Systems. Hoʻohana ke kaʻina hana i kahi kukuna laser e polymerize i kahi mea monomer photoactive i loko o kahi pā. Hoʻopili nā ʻāpana photopolymerized (cured) i kahi pā kūkulu e neʻe i luna a i lalo paha ma muli o ka hāmeʻa, e ʻae ana i nā papa e hana ʻia. Hiki i nā ʻōnaehana SLA ke hana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a pololei me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke anawaena kukuna laser liʻiliʻi, ma kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo micro SLA a i ʻole µSLA. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā ʻāpana nui loa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke anawaena beam ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a me nā manawa hana ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, i loko o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā puke e ana ana ma luna o ʻelua cubic mika.

ʻO ka mea paʻi SLA-1 Stereolithography (SLA), ka mea paʻi 3D kalepa mua, ua hoʻolauna ʻia e 3D Systems i ka makahiki 1987.

Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻenehana vat photopolymerization i loaʻa i kēia lā. ʻO ka mea mua i puka mai ma hope o ka SLA, ʻo ia ka DLP (Digital Light Processing), i hoʻomohala ʻia e Texas Instruments a lawe ʻia i ka mākeke ma 1987. Ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kukuna laser no ka photopolymerization, hoʻohana ka ʻenehana DLP i kahi pahu kukui uila (e like me ka TV projector maʻamau). ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o kēia ma mua o SLA, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke photopolymerize i kahi papa holoʻokoʻa o ka mea i ka manawa hoʻokahi (i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaʻina hana "planar"). Eia naʻe, pili ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana i ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka projector a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui.

E like me ka extrusion waiwai, ua maʻalahi ka stereolithography me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kumu haʻahaʻa mua ma nā kaʻina hana SLA a me DLP. Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua puka mai kahi hanauna hou o nā ʻōnaehana ultra-low-cost, compact e pili ana i nā kumu kukui LED / LCD. ʻO ka hoʻololi hou aʻe o ka vat photopolymerization ua ʻike ʻia ʻo "continuous" a i ʻole "layerless" photopolymerization, ka mea maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi hoʻolālā DLP. Hoʻohana kēia mau kaʻina hana i kahi membrane, ʻo ka oxygen maʻamau, e hiki ai i ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā helu hana. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ʻia ka patent no kēia ʻano stereolithography ma 2006 e EnvisionTEC, kahi hui DLP i kapa hou ʻia ʻo ETEC, ma hope o kona loaʻa ʻana e Desktop Metal. Eia naʻe, ʻo Carbon, kahi hui ʻo Silicon Valley, ʻo ia ka mea mua i kūʻai aku i kēia ʻenehana ma 2016 a ua hoʻokumu iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi i ka mākeke. ʻO ka ʻenehana ʻo Carbon, i kapa ʻia ʻo DLS (Digital Light Synthesis), hāʻawi i ka nui o ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hiki ke hana i nā ʻāpana me nā mea hybrid lōʻihi, e hui pū ana i nā thermosets a me nā photopolymers. ʻO nā hui ʻē aʻe, e like me 3D Systems (Figure 4), Origin (i kēia manawa he ʻāpana o Stratasys), LuxCreo, Carima, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻolauna pū i nā ʻenehana like i ka mākeke.