ʻO nā papahana hou i loko o ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea Lūkia, e komo pū ana ma ka papa Arctic, e hoʻohiki i ka ulu mau ʻana i ka mākeke kūloko no nā pale anti-corrosive.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i lawe mai i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi, akā he hopena pōkole i ka mākeke hydrocarbons honua. I ʻApelila o 2020, ua piʻi ka noi aila honua i ka pae haʻahaʻa loa mai ka makahiki 1995, e huki ana i ke kumukūʻai benchmark no Brent crude i $ 28 no ka barela ma hope o ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o nā lako aila keu.
I kekahi manawa, ua huli maikaʻi ke kumukūʻai aila US no ka manawa mua ma ka mōʻaukala. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i pau kēia mau hanana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea ʻo Rūsia, ʻoiai ke manaʻo nei ka noi honua no nā hydrocarbons e hoʻihoʻi koke.
No ka laʻana, manaʻo ka IEA e hoʻihoʻi hou ka koi aila i nā pae ma mua o ka pilikia ma mua o 2022. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ke koi kinoea - ʻoiai ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka moʻolelo i 2020 - pono e hoʻi i ka wā lōʻihi, i kekahi ʻano, ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka lanahu honua-i- hoʻololi kinoea no ka hana mana.
ʻO Lukoil, Novatek a me Rosneft, a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hoʻolālā i nā hana hou ma ka wahi o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea ma ka ʻāina a ma ka papa Arctic. Ke ʻike nei ke aupuni Lūkini i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau waihona Arctic ma o LNG ma ke ʻano he kumu o kāna Hoʻolālā Energy i 2035.
Ma kēia kāʻei kua, koi ʻia ʻo Rūsia no nā pale anti-corrosive i nā wanana mālamalama. ʻO nā kūʻai holoʻokoʻa ma kēia ʻāpana he Rub18.5 biliona ma 2018 ($ 250 miliona), e like me ka noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e ka hui noʻonoʻo ʻo Discovery Research Group. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā uhi no Rub7.1 biliona ($ 90 miliona) i Rūsia, ʻoiai ʻo ka lawe ʻana mai i kēia ʻāpana e emi iho ana, e like me ka poʻe loiloi.
ʻO kekahi hui kūkākūkā e pili ana i Moscow, Concept-Center, ua manaʻo ʻo ke kūʻai aku ma ka mākeke ma waena o 25,000 a me 30,000 tons ma ke ʻano kino. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 2016, ua manaʻo ʻia ka mākeke no ka noi anti-corrosive coatings ma Rūsia ma Rub 2.6 biliona ($42 miliona). Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei e ulu mau ana ka mākeke i nā makahiki i hala me ka awelika ka wikiwiki o ʻelua a ʻekolu pakeneka o ka makahiki.
Hōʻike ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i ka hilinaʻi, e piʻi aʻe ka noi no nā uhi i kēia ʻāpana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hāʻule ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19.
"E like me kā mākou wānana, e piʻi iki ka noi [i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana]. Pono ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea i ka anti-corrosion, ka wela, ke ahi-retardant a me nā ʻano lole ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō i nā papahana hou. I ka manawa like, ke neʻe nei ka noi i nā uhi polyfunctional one-layer. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke haʻalele i ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi coronavirus, ma ke ala, ʻaʻole i pau, "wahi a Maxim Dubrovsky, ka luna nui o ka mea hana lole lole Lūkia ʻo Akrus. "Ma lalo o kahi wānana pessimistic, ʻaʻole hele wikiwiki ke kūkulu ʻana [ma ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea] e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā mua ʻia.
Ke hana nei ka moku'āina i nā hana e hoʻoulu i nā hoʻopukapuka kālā a hiki i ka wikiwiki o ke kūkulu ʻana.
hoʻokūkū kūʻai ʻole
Aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 30 mau mea pāʻani i ka mākeke pale anti-corrosive Lūkini, e like me ka Industrial Coatings. ʻO nā mea pāʻani haole alakaʻi ʻo Hempel, Jotun, International Protective Coatings, Steelpaint, PPG Industries, Permatex, Teknos, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mea hoʻolako Lūkini nui loa ʻo Akrus, VMP, Russian Paints, Empils, Moscow Chemical Plant, ZM Volga a me Raduga.
I loko o nā makahiki ʻelima i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokumu kekahi mau hui non-Russian, me Jotun, Hempel a me PPG i ka hana anti-corrosive coatings i Rusia. Aia ke kumu hoʻokele waiwai ma hope o ia hoʻoholo. ʻO ka manawa uku o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā pale anti-corrosive hou ma ka mākeke Lūkini ma waena o ʻekolu a ʻelima mau makahiki, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Azamat Gareev, ke poʻo o ZIT Rossilber.
Wahi a Industrial Coatings, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻāpana o ka mākeke lole Lūkini e like me ka oligopsony - kahi ʻano mākeke kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kūʻai aku. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, nui ka helu o nā mea kūʻai aku. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kūʻai kūʻai Lūkini i kāna mau koi kūloko kūloko, pono e hoʻokō nā mea hoʻolako. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā koi o nā mea kūʻai aku.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani Lūkini, kahi i kū ʻole ai ke kumukūʻai i waena o nā kumu nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka noi.
No ka laʻana, ua ʻae ʻo Rosneft i nā ʻano 224 anti-corrosive coatings, e like me ka papa inoa Lūkini o nā mea hoʻolako ʻaila a me ka ʻoihana kinoea. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ua ʻae ʻo Gazprom i 55 mau uhi a me Transneft wale nō 34.
Ma kekahi mau ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka māhele o nā mea lawe mai. No ka laʻana, lawe mai nā hui Lūkini ma kahi o 80 pakeneka o nā uhi no nā papahana o waho.
He ikaika loa ka hoʻokūkū ma ka mākeke Lūkini no nā pale anti-corrosive, wahi a Dmitry Smirnov, ka luna nui o ka Moscow Chemical Plant. Ke koi nei kēia i ka hui e hoʻomau i ka noi a hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i nā laina coatings hou i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki. Ke holo nei ka hui i nā kikowaena lawelawe, e kāohi ana i ka noi uhi, hoʻohui ʻo ia.
"Loaʻa i nā ʻoihana hoʻonaninani Lūkini nā mana e hoʻonui i ka hana, e hōʻemi ana i ka lawe ʻana mai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā uhi no nā hui aila a me nā kinoea, me nā mea no nā papahana o waho, ua hana ʻia ma nā mea kanu Lūkini. I kēia mau lā, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana hoʻokele waiwai, no nā ʻāina āpau, he mea nui e hoʻonui i nā huahana o kā lākou hana ponoʻī, "wahi a Dubrobsky.
ʻO ka hapa o nā mea waiwai no ka hana anti-corrosive coatings i helu ʻia ma waena o nā mea e pale ai i nā hui Lūkini mai ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou mahele ma ka mākeke, ua hōʻike ʻia ka Industrial Coatings, e haʻi ana i nā mea loiloi mākeke kūloko. No ka laʻana, aia ka hapa o nā isocyanates aliphatic, resins epoxy, lepo zinc a me kekahi mau puaʻa.
"Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka ʻoihana kemika i nā mea maka i lawe ʻia mai a pili i kā lākou kumukūʻai. Mahalo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana hou ma Rūsia a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana, aia nā ʻano maikaʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lako maka no ka ʻoihana coatings, "wahi a Dubrobsky.
"Pono e hoʻonui hou i nā mana e hoʻokūkū, no ka laʻana, me nā mea hoʻolako Asia. Hiki ke kauoha ʻia nā mea hoʻopiha, pigments, resins, i ka alkyd a me ka epoxy mai nā mea hana Lūkini. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mākeke no nā mea paʻakikī isocyanate a me nā mea hoʻohui hana e nā mea lawe mai. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i kā mākou hana ʻana i kēia mau mea pono e kūkākūkā ʻia ma ka pae mokuʻāina.
ʻO nā uhi no nā papahana o waho i ke kukui
ʻO ka papahana mua ʻo Rūsia ma waho o ka ʻāina ʻo Prirazlomnaya ma waho o ke kai hau-kūpaʻa i ka aila hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kai ʻo Pechora, hema o Novaya Zemlya. Ua koho ʻo Gazprom iā Chartek 7 mai International Paint Ltd. Ua kūʻai aku ka hui i 350,000 kg o nā uhi no ka pale anti-corrosive o ka paepae.
ʻO kekahi hui ʻaila Lūkia ʻo Lukoil e hana ana i ka platform Korchagin mai 2010 a me ka platform Philanovskoe mai 2018, ʻelua ma ke Kai Caspian.
Hāʻawi ʻo Jotun i nā pale anti-corrosive no ka papahana mua a me Hempel no ka lua. Ma kēia ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā koi no ka uhi ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka loio i lalo o ka wai.
ʻO ke koi no nā pale anti-corrosive no ka ʻāpana o waho e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana aila a me nā kinoea honua. Aia ʻo Rūsia ma kahi o 80 pakeneka o ka aila a me nā kumu waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o ka pā Arctic a me ka hapa nui o nā wahi mālama ʻia.
No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, paʻa wale ka US i 10 pakeneka o nā kumu waiwai, a ukali ʻia e Kanada, Denmark, Greenland a me Norewai, e puʻunaue ana i ke koena 10 pakeneka ma waena o lākou. Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila i ʻimi ʻia e Rūsia i ʻelima biliona tons o nā aila like. ʻO Norewai kahi lua mamao loa me hoʻokahi piliona tons o nā mālama mālama ʻia.
"Akā no nā kumu he nui - ʻo ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ke kaiapuni - hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia kēlā mau kumuwaiwai," wahi a Anna Kireeva, ka mea loiloi o ka hui mālama kaiapuni ʻo Bellona. "E like me nā manaʻo he nui, hiki i ka noi honua no ka aila ke piʻi i ka wā ʻehā makahiki mai kēia manawa, i 2023. ʻO nā kālā hoʻopukapuka aupuni nui i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ka ʻaila e huki pū ana mai nā hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka ʻoihana ʻaila - kahi neʻe e hiki ke hoʻoulu Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke kapikala honua mai nā wahie fossil i ka wā e hoʻolilo nā aupuni a me nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā i ke kālā i ka ikehu hou.
I ka manawa like, manaʻo ʻia e ulu ka hoʻohana kinoea kūlohelohe i nā makahiki he 20 a hiki i 30 - a ʻo ke kinoea ka nui o nā waiwai waiwai o Rūsia ʻaʻole wale ma ka papa Arctic akā ma ka ʻāina. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pelekikena Vladimir Putin ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hoʻolilo iā Rūsia i mea hoʻolako kinoea nui loa ma ka honua - he mea hiki ʻole ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻokūkū o Moscow mai ka Hikina Waena, ua hoʻohui ʻo Kireeva.
Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻōlelo nā hui aila Lūkini e lilo paha ka papa hana papa i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ka ʻenehana Lūkini.
ʻO kekahi o nā wahi koʻikoʻi nui o Rosneft ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hydrocarbon ma ka papa ʻāina, wahi a ka hui.
I kēia lā, i ka manawa e ʻike ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia nā māla aila nui a me nā kinoea, a ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā ʻenehana a me ka hana ʻaila shale, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hana aila honua aia ma ka papa ʻāina o ka Moana Honua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia, Rosneft i ʻōlelo ʻia ma kahi ʻōlelo ma kāna pūnaewele. ʻO ka pā Lūkini ka ʻāpana nui loa ma ka honua: ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeono miliona km a ʻo Rosneft ka mea paʻa nui loa o nā laikini no ka papa ʻāina ʻo Rūsia, ua hoʻohui ka hui.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-17-2024
