ʻO nā ʻano hana hana no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe acrylate reactive e komo pū me ka esterification pololei, transesterification, ke ʻano acid chloride, ka catalysis phase-transfer, a me ka esterification hoʻohui. Eia nō naʻe, ua hana ʻia ka hapa nui ma o ka esterification pololei.
(1) Hoʻohui pololei ʻia ʻana o ka Esterification
CH₂=CHCOOH + ROH -catalyst→ CH₂=CHCOOR + H₂O
ʻO nā mea hoʻouluulu i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka esterification pololei e komo pū me ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka waikawa p-toluenesulfonic, a me ka waikawa methanesulfonic. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻouluulu esterification e hoʻoulu pinepine i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka dehydration, oxidation, a me ka esterification ponoʻī o nā reactants. Hoʻopuka kēia i nā huahana like ʻole, hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe huahana a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā mea maka, hoʻopilikia i nā kaʻina hana ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, a hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana ʻoiai e hōʻino ana i nā lako. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka PTSA i ka hana ʻoihana o kēia manawa ma muli o kona mau pono, me nā koi dosage haʻahaʻa, nā mahana hopena haʻahaʻa, nā helu hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe, a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hopena, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ʻia ka mea hoʻouluulu mai ka huahana, e hoʻomaʻalahi ana i ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka wai i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana esterification me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi entrainer azeotropic (mea hoʻomaloʻo). ʻO nā entrainers maʻamau e komo pū me ka benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, a me n-heptane, kahi e hana ai i nā azeotropes me ka wai hana e lawe aku. He pipiʻi a he volatile loa nā Alkanes; loaʻa i ka xylene kahi kiko paila kiʻekiʻe; he haʻahaʻa ka paila ʻana o ka benzene a he volatility kiʻekiʻe, e paʻakikī ai ke hoʻōla, a hōʻike ia i ka ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe. No laila, makemake nui ʻia ka toluene ma ke ʻano he entrainer. He 110°C ka paila ʻana o Toluene a he 84°C ka paila ʻana o ka wai-toluene azeotropic; hoʻopili maʻalahi ia i ka wā o ka vacuum distillation solvent stripping, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka wikiwiki hoʻōla kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻawaʻawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o benzene, a me ke kumukūʻai hoʻokele waiwai. Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻoikaika nā kapu hoʻoponopono i nā solvents benzene-series i nā uhi, nā ʻīnika, a me nā mea hoʻopili i nā mea hana he nui e hoʻopau i ka toluene no nā entrainers alkane-based. Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa polymerization i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana esterification e pale aku i ka polymerization mua o ka monomer acrylic acid a me ka huahana acrylate i loaʻa. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e komo pū me nā hui phenolic (e like me ka hydroquinone [HQ] a me ka tert-butylhydroquinone [TBHQ]), nā hui amine (e like me ka phenothiazine a me ka p-phenylenediamine), a me nā hui hoʻohuihui keleawe (e like me ke keleawe dimethyldiethyldithiocarbamate a me ke keleawe dibutyl dithiocarbamate), i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano pākahi a i ʻole he ʻano hui pū ʻia. No nā alkyl acrylates kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka esterification heheʻe. Hoʻopau kēia ʻano hana i ka pono no kahi entrainer a hoʻemi i ka nui o nā mea hoʻoulu a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa i koi ʻia. Ma hope o kahi hopena reflux ma 110-120°C, hana ʻia ka dehydration, a ʻo ka waikawa acrylic i hana ʻole ʻia a me ka wai koena e hoʻopau hope ʻia ma o ka distillation vacuum, e hua mai ana i nā alkyl acrylates kiʻekiʻe me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā hua kiʻekiʻe.
(2) Hoʻololi ʻana i ka esterification
CH₂=CHCOOCH₃ + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + CH₃OH
I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā alkyl acrylates kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā acrylates hana ma o ka transesterification, koho pinepine ʻia ka methyl acrylate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka alkyl ester haʻahaʻa. Ma muli o kona wahi paila haʻahaʻa (80°C), pono e hana ʻia ka esterification ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa, kahi e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ka manawa hana. Eia kekahi, hana ka methanol by-product i kahi azeotrope me ka methyl acrylate (wahi paila 62-63°C), kahi e lawe aku ai i ka reactant methyl acrylate a no laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hua o ka target higher ester. He maʻalahi loa ka Methyl acrylate a me nā acrylates kiʻekiʻe i ka copolymerization a me ka homopolymerization, e hoʻemi hou ana i ka hua o nā acrylates kiʻekiʻe; no laila, pono pinepine ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā dosages o nā inhibitors. Ma muli o nā noʻonoʻo kumukūʻai a me nā paʻakikī ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻohana hou ʻia kēia ʻano hana no ke kālepa ʻana no ka synthesis o nā alkyl acrylates kiʻekiʻe a me nā acrylates hana.
(3) Ke ʻano hana waikawa Chloride
CH₂=CHCOOH + SOCl₂ → CH₂=CHCOCl + HCl + CO₂
CH₂=CHCOCl + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + HCl
Hoʻopili mua kēia ʻano hana i ka waikawa acrylic me ka thionyl chloride e synthesize i ka acryloyl chloride, a laila e hana ʻia kahi hopena esterification me kahi waiʻona. ʻAʻole pono ia i nā catalysts a i ʻole entrainers. Ma muli o ka holomua ʻana o ka hopena ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa, ua pale ʻia hoʻi ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea hoʻopaʻa polymerization. Hoʻomau ka esterification ma kahi kokoke i ka nui, e loaʻa ana ka maʻemaʻe huahana kūikawā. Eia nō naʻe, he hana ʻelua-ʻanuʻu me nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopuka ka hopena i nā nui nui o nā kinoea HCl a me SO₂, e koi ana i nā ʻōnaehana scrubbing multi-stage me nā hopena alkaline dilute a me ka wai no ka omo ʻana.
(4) Ka Hoʻololi Pae-Hoʻoili (PTC)
2CH₂=CH₃|C-COOH + Na₂CO₃ → 2CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + ClCH₂-CH₂O → CH₂=CH₃|C-COOCH₂-CH₂O + NaCl
Aia ka sodium methacrylate ma ke ʻano he mea paʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka epichlorohydrin he wai. I ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi mea hoʻoulu, lohi loa ka hopena ma waena o lākou, e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoulu hoʻoili pae (PTC). ʻO nā mea hoʻoulu hoʻoili pae kūpono e komo pū me nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary, nā paʻakai phosphonium quaternary, a me nā ethers lei aliʻi. ʻO nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia, e like me ka cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), a me ka tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). ʻO ke alo o ka makū i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hana e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena ʻaoʻao; no laila, no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hua, pono e mālama ʻia nā mea maka a me ka ʻōnaehana hana me ka wai ʻole a maloʻo.
(5) Hoʻohui ʻana i ka Esterification
CH₂=R₁|C-COOH + CH₂-CH₂O-R₂ → CH₂=R₁|C-COO-CH₂-OH|CH₂-R₂
Ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ethylene oxide a i ʻole propylene oxide pololei i loko o ka waikawa (meth)acrylic i ke alo o kahi mea hoʻoulu, hana ʻia kahi esterification hoʻohui wehe apo, e hana ana i nā hydroxy (meth)acrylates (e like me HEA, HEMA, HPA, a i ʻole HPMA). 
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-10-2026
